Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
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antioxidant |
a substance that protects us from the dangerous free radicals |
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biopsy |
the removal of small samples of tissue for analysis |
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catheter |
a small tube inserted into the bladder, usually via the penis |
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Gleason score |
the rating of the aggressiveness of the cancer |
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impotence |
the inability to achieve a useful erection |
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incontinence |
the inability to control urination or bowels |
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laparoscopy |
looking into the abdomen by means of a tiny camera |
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lymph nodes |
small organs that filter and destroy harmful bacteria and viruses |
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metastasis |
the spread of cancer outside the primary site |
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nocturia |
the need to urinate frequently at night |
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oncologist |
a specialist in the medical treatment of cancer |
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orchidectomy |
an operation to remove the testicles |
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pathologist |
a scientist who studies the causes and effects of diseases, especially one who examines laboratory samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes |
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perineum |
the area between the scrotum and the anus |
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prostatectomy |
an operation to remove the prostate |
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radiologist |
a person who uses X-rays or other high-energy radiation, especially a doctor specializing in radiology. |
seminal vesicles |
organs that contribute fluid to the ejaculate |
testosterone |
a male hormone secreted by the testicles |
urethra |
the tube through which urine and semen flow |
urologist |
a specialist in disorders of the kidneys/bladder/prostate systems |
Abbreviations |
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ADT |
androgen deprivation therapy |
BMD |
bone mineral density test |
BPH |
benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of the prostate) |
CT |
computerized tomography scan |
DRE |
digital rectal examination |
EBRT |
external beam radiotherapy |
ED |
erectile dysfunction (problems with erections) |
HIFU |
high-intensity focused ultrasound |
HR |
hormone relapsed (prostate cancer) |
IMRT/IGRT |
intensity modulated/image guided radiation therapy |
LHRH |
luteinising Hormone-Releasing Hormone |
LRP |
laparoscopic radical prostatectomy |
MDT |
multi-disciplinary team |
MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging scan |
NICE |
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence |
PET |
positron emission tomography – a form of body scanning |
PSA |
prostate specific antigen |
RALP |
robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy |
RP |
radical prostatectomy |
TCAP |
targeted cryo-ablation of the prostate (i.e. cryotherapy) |
TNM |
tumour/nodes/metastases: a scale for measuring tumour spread |
TRUS |
trans-rectal ultrasound scan |
TURP |
trans-urethral resection of the prostate (an operation to treat an enlargemed prostate) |
